Grapevine

Vitis vinifera · Tree/Shrub

A long-lived woody climber grown on a trellis, pergola or wall for fruit and summer shade. It needs sun, good drainage and firm winter pruning to crop well.

Care at a glance

Light

Full sun, 7–8 hours

Water

Deeply while young; established vines need little extra

Soil

Deep, well-drained, moderately fertile, pH 6.0–7.0

Temperature

Needs warm summers; most varieties hardy to about 0 °F

Spacing

6–8 ft between vines, rows 8–10 ft

Container

At least 15–20 gallons, with sturdy support

Harvest

Late summer to autumn; first crop in year 3 (estimated)

Lifespan

Perennial; can live 50+ years

When?

Plant dormant bare-root vines in late winter to early spring, or potted vines in spring after hard frosts (estimated).

Step by step

1. Build a strong trellis or pergola before planting.
2. Soak bare roots for a few hours, then plant at the nursery depth.
3. Cut back to 2–3 buds after planting to build a strong root system.
4. Train one main stem up the support in the first year.
5. Prune hard each winter, keeping a few well-placed canes or spurs.
6. Thin leaves around bunches in summer so fruit gets light and air.
7. Pick when grapes taste sweet; color alone isn't a reliable sign.

Common problems

Pets

Grapes and raisins are toxic to dogs and cats according to ASPCA; keep fallen fruit out of reach. If in doubt, ask your vet.

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