Olive Tree

Olea europaea · Tree/Shrub

A slow, long-lived Mediterranean tree with silvery leaves and gnarled trunks. It handles drought, heat and poor soil, and grows well in large containers on a sunny patio. Fruiting needs a cool winter.

Care at a glance

Light

Full sun, 6–8+ hours

Water

Deep, infrequent watering once established

Soil

Very well-drained, sandy or rocky, pH 6.5–8.0

Temperature

Thrives in heat; most types hardy to about 15–20 °F

Spacing

15–20 ft apart in the ground

Container

Large pot, 15+ gallons, with drainage

Harvest

Fruit ripens in fall; 3–5 years to first crop (estimated)

Lifespan

Centuries

When?

Plant in spring once frost is past, so roots establish over a warm season. Container trees can be repotted in spring every 2–3 years.

Step by step

1. Choose the sunniest, most sheltered spot you have.
2. Plant at nursery depth in fast-draining soil; avoid low wet areas.
3. Water weekly during the first summer, then only in long dry spells.
4. Feed lightly in spring with a balanced fertilizer.
5. Prune in late winter or early spring to open the center to light.
6. In pots, move to a bright, cool, frost-free place in harsh winters.
7. Pick fruit green or black in fall; fresh olives must be cured before eating.

Common problems

Pets

Olive is listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs; large amounts of fruit may still upset the stomach. If in doubt, ask your vet.

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